296.
Lucy Bray, Katerina Meznikova, etc.,
Misdiagnoses in the Context of Suspected Pandemic Influenza or Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Systematic Review, 2022.10.05,
https://academic.oup.com/ofid/article/9/11/ofac515/6748966 .
There have been numerous reports of patients initially misdiagnosed in the 2009 H1N1 influenza and COVID-19 pandemics within the literature. We identified 686 cases of misdiagnosis, categorized as viral respiratory infection, other respiratory infection, non-respiratory infection, and non-infective. Further research is required to understand why misdiagnoses occur and harm arises and how clinicians can be assisted in their decision making in a pandemic context.
295.
Helen M Chun, Kyle Milligan, etc.,
A Systematic Review of COVID-19 Vaccine Antibody Responses in People With HIV, 2022.11.08,
https://academic.oup.com/ofid/article/9/11/ofac579/6811510 .
We summarize COVID-19 vaccine responses in people with HIV (PWH). A systematic literature review of studies from January 1, 2020, to March 31, 2022, of COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity in PWH from multiple databases was performed. While 22 (73%) studies reported high COVID-19 vaccine seroconversion rates in PWH, PWH with lower baseline CD4 counts, CD4/CD8 ratios, or higher baseline viral loads had lower seroconversion rates and immunologic titers. Data on vaccine-induced seroconversion in PWH are reassuring, but more research is needed to evaluate the durability of COVID-19 vaccine responses in PWH.
294.
Joshua A Barocas, Steffanie A Strathdee, etc.,
Beyond Sex: Human Monkeypox Virus is an Emerging Threat to Marginalized Populations, 2022.10.17,
https://academic.oup.com/ofid/article/9/11/ofac551/6761765 .
People experiencing homelessness and those with substance use disorders are vulnerable to MPXV. People with substance use disorders, specifically those who inject drugs, are at increased risk due to lack of access to sterile injection equipment. We present a spectrum of structural determinants underpinning increased risks in these populations and recommendations that could help mitigate the spread.
293.
Catherine H Bozio, Kristen Butterfield, etc.,
Relative Risks of COVID-19–Associated Hospitalizations and Clinical Outcomes by Age and Race/Ethnicity—March 2020–March 2021, 2022.10.05,
https://academic.oup.com/ofid/article/9/10/ofac376/6748239 .
Limited data exist on population-based risks and risk ratios (RRs) of COVID-19-associated hospitalizations and clinical outcomes stratified by age and race/ethnicity. Using data from electronic health records and claims from 4 US health systems for the period March 2020-March 2021, we calculated risk and RR by age and race/ethnicity for COVID-19-associated hospitalizations and clinical outcomes among adults. During the first year of the US COVID-19 pandemic in this cohort, older non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic adults had the highest relative risks of COVID-19-associated hospitalization and adverse outcomes and, among those with select underlying conditions, the highest occurrences of acute exacerbations of underlying conditions.
292.
Mark J Siedner, Christopher Alba, etc.,
Cost-effectiveness of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2022.06.13,
https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/226/11/1887/6606162 .
Despite the advent of safe and effective coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines, pervasive inequities in global vaccination persist. We projected health benefits and donor costs of delivering vaccines for up to 60% of the population in 91 low- and middle-income countries. Funding expanded COVID-19 vaccine delivery in LMICs would save hundreds of thousands of lives, be similarly or more cost-effective than other donor-funded global aid programs, and improve health equity.
291.
Dan-Yu Lin, Donglin Zeng, etc.,
Reliably Assessing Duration of Protection for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccines, 2022.04.21,
https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/226/11/1863/6571630 .
Decision making about vaccination and boosting schedules for COVID-19 hinges on reliable methods for evaluating the longevity of vaccine protection. We show that modeling of protection as a piecewise linear function of time since vaccination for the log hazard ratio of the vaccine effect provides more reliable estimates of vaccine effectiveness at the end of an observation period and also detects plateaus in protective effectiveness more reliably than the standard method of estimating a constant vaccine effect over each time period.
290.
Ida Laake, Siri N Skodvin, etc.,
Effectiveness of mRNA Booster Vaccination Against Mild, Moderate, and Severe COVID-19 Caused by the Omicron Variant in a Large, Population-Based, Norwegian Cohort, 2022.10.19,
https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/226/11/1924/6763324 .
10.Understanding how booster vaccination can prevent moderate and severe illness without hospitalization is crucial to evaluate the full advantage of mRNA boosters. This is the first population-based study to evaluate booster effectiveness against self-reported mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19. Our findings contribute valuable information on duration of protection and thus timing of additional booster vaccinations.
289.
Alexandra M Mellis, Jennifer K Meece, etc.,
SARS-CoV-2 Virus Dynamics in Recently Infected People—Data From a Household Transmission Study, 2022.05.05,
https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/226/10/1699/6580687 .
We used daily real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results from 67 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a household transmission study, conducted April 2020–May 2021, to examine the trajectory of cycle threshold (Ct) values, an inverse correlate of viral RNA concentration. Ct values varied across RT-PCR platforms and by participant age. Specimens collected from children and adolescents had higher Ct values and adults aged ≥50 years showed lower Ct values than adults aged 18–49 years. Ct values were lower on days when participants reported experiencing symptoms, with the lowest Ct value occurring 2–6 days after symptom onset.
288.
Cas LeMaster, Eric S Geanes, etc.,
Vaccination After SARS-CoV-2 Infection Increased Antibody Avidity Against the Omicron Variant Compared to Vaccination Alone, 2022.06.18,
https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/226/10/1712/6609994 .
This study showed a decrease in binding and surrogate neutralizing antibody responses to the Omicron variant after 2 doses of the Pfizer COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. Individuals recovered from infection before vaccination had higher antibody levels and avidity to the Omicron variant compared to individuals vaccinated without infection. This suggested that COVID-19 infection before vaccination elicited a higher magnitude and affinity antibody response to the Omicron variant, and repeated exposure through infection or vaccine may be required to improve immunity to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
287.
Naomi Wilson, Shari McDaid, etc.,
European public mental health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, 2022.11.21,
https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/advance-article/doi/10.1093/eurpub/ckac169/6835789?searchresult=1 .
7.Countries were not prepared to respond and people with existing vulnerabilities were often neglected in response planning. To be prepared for future pandemics and environmental disasters Public Mental Health preparedness plans are highly needed. These must be developed cross-departmentally, and through the meaningful inclusion of vulnerable groups.
Chinese Society of International Law, in association with Chinese Institute of International Law at China Foreign Affairs University, and National Center for Foreign-related Rule of Law Research at China Foreign Affairs University
Contact: secretary@bigghgg.cn