207.
Sara Y Tartof, Jeff M Slezak, etc.,
Effectiveness of mRNA BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine up to 6 months in a large integrated health system in the USA: a retrospective cohort study, 2021.10.04,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02183-8 .
This study provides support for high effectiveness of BNT162b2 against hospital admissions up until around 6 months after being fully vaccinated, even in the face of widespread dissemination of the delta variant. Reduction in vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infections over time is probably primarily due to waning immunity with time rather than the delta variant escaping vaccine protection.
206.
Harry Ferguson, Sarah Pink, Laura Kelly,
The Unheld Child: Social Work, Social Distancing and the Possibilities and Limits to Child Protection during the COVID-19 Pandemic, 2022.03.18,
https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcac055 .
The COVID-19 pandemic changed dramatically the ways social workers engaged with children and families. This article presents findings from our research into the effects of COVID-19 on social work and child protection in England during the first nine months of the pandemic. The article provides new understandings of child protection as embodied, multi-sensorial practices and the ways anxiety and experiences of bodily self-alienation limit practitioners’ capacities to think about and get close to children. Whilst social workers creatively improvised to achieve their goals, coronavirus and social distancing imposed limits to child protection that no amount of innovative practice could overcome in all cases.
205.
Rosina K Foli, Frank L K Ohemeng,
Provide our basic needs or we go out: the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, inequality, and social policy in Ghana, 2022.03.19,
https://doi.org/10.1093/polsoc/puac008 .
The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic cuts across every facet of a nation’s life. Consequently, many of these countries have had to craft emergency social policies to help their citizens. Ghana is no exception. This paper, based on desk research, explores the limitations of the existing social policy framework, which became manifest during the implementation of Ghana’s pandemic policies. Policy layering by government continues to weaken Ghana’s social welfare system, and this affected the official response with respect to the social issues that have emerged due to the pandemic.
204.
Lili Yu, Xiaoying Zhang, etc.,
Obesity & COVID-19: mechanistic insights from adipose tissue, 2022.03.09,
https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgac137 .
Obesity is associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. The risk is related to the cytokine storm, a major contributor to multiorgan failure and a pathological character of COVID-19 patients with obesity. While the exact cause of the cytokine storm remains elusive, disorders in energy metabolism has provided insights into the mechanism. Emerging data suggest that adipose tissue in obesity contributes to the disorders in several ways. Mitochondrial dysfunction in adipocytes, immune cells and other cell types (endothelial cells and platelets, etc.) is a common cellular mechanism for the development of cytokine storm, which leads to the progression of mild COVID-19 to severe cases with multiorgan failure and high mortality. Correction of energy surplus through various approaches is recommended in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 in the obese patients.
203.
Jasmine R Marcelin, Audrey Pettifor, etc.,
COVID-19 Vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in the Era of New Variants: A Review and Perspective, 2022.03.10,,
https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofac124 .
COVID-19 vaccines have yielded definitive prevention and major reductions in morbidity and mortality from SARS-CoV-2 infection, even in the context of emerging and persistent variants-of-concern. Newer variants have revealed less vaccine protection against infection and attenuation of vaccine effects on transmission. COVID-19 vaccines still likely reduce transmission compared to not being vaccinated at all, even with variants of concern, however determining the magnitude of transmission reduction is constrained by challenges of performing these studies, requiring accurate linkage of infections to vaccine status and timing thereof, particularly within households. In this review we synthesize the currently available data on the impact of COVID-19 vaccines on infection, serious illness, and transmission; we also identify the challenges and opportunities associated with policy development based on this data.
202.
M K R Kjøllesdal, S P Juarez, etc.,
Understanding the excess COVID-19 burden among immigrants in Norway, 2022.03.14,
https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdac033 .
We aim to use intermarriage as a measure to disentangle the role of exposure to virus, susceptibility and care in differences in burden of COVID-19, by comparing rates of COVID-19 infections between immigrants married to a native and to another immigrant. Our study suggests that the excess burden of COVID-19 among immigrants is explained by differences in exposure and care rather than susceptibility.
201.
Michael J Plank, Alex James, etc.,
Potential reduction in transmission of COVID-19 by digital contact tracing systems: a modelling study, 2022.03.15,
https://academic.oup.com/imammb/advance-article/doi/10.1093/imammb/dqac002/6548784?searchresult=1 .
Digital tools are being developed to support contact tracing as part of the global effort to control the spread of COVID-19. Evidence on the effectiveness of alternative approaches to digital contact tracing is so far limited. This article uses an age-structured branching process model of the transmission of COVID-19 in different settings to estimate the potential of manual contact tracing and digital tracing systems to help control the epidemic. It concludes that effective manual contact tracing can reduce the effective reproduction number. The addition of a digital tracing system with a high uptake rate over 75% could further reduce the effective reproduction number to around 1.1. Therefore, for digital tracing systems to make a significant contribution to the control of COVID-19, they need be designed in close conjunction with public health agencies to support and complement manual contact tracing by trained professionals.
200.
Erin R Whitehouse, Jesse Bonwitt, etc.,
Clinical and Epidemiological Findings from Enhanced Monkeypox Surveillance in Tshuapa Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo During 2011–2015, 2021.03.01,
https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/223/11/1870/6174433?searchresult=1# .
Monkeypox incidence was twice that reported during 1980–1985, an increase possibly linked to declining immunity provided by smallpox vaccination. The high proportion of cases attributed to human exposures suggests changing exposure patterns. Cases were distributed across age and sex, suggesting frequent exposures that follow sociocultural norms.
199.
David L Heymann, Karl Simpson,
The Evolving Epidemiology of Human Monkeypox: Questions Still to Be Answered, 2021.04.01,
https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/223/11/1839/6237479?searchresult=1 .
the article adds further understanding to some of the research gaps identified in a June 2019 expert meeting on monkeypox: understanding of the zoonotic hosts, reservoirs, and vectors; identifying the risks associated with transmission; and better defining the natural history and clinical spectrum of infection, including an estimation of the prevalence of monkeypox-specific antibodies in humans.
198.
Harry Ferguson, Sarah Pink, Laura Kelly,
The Unheld Child: Social Work, Social Distancing and the Possibilities and Limits to Child Protection during the COVID-19 Pandemic, 2022.03.01,
https://academic.oup.com/bjsw/article/52/4/2403/6550364?searchresult=1 .
The COVID-19 pandemic changed dramatically the ways social workers engaged with children and families. This article presents findings from our research into the effects of COVID-19 on social work and child protection in England during the first nine months of the pandemic. The article provides new understandings of child protection as embodied, multi-sensorial practices and the ways anxiety and experiences of bodily self-alienation limit practitioners’ capacities to think about and get close to children. Whilst social workers creatively improvised to achieve their goals, coronavirus and social distancing imposed limits to child protection that no amount of innovative practice could overcome in all cases.
Chinese Society of International Law, in association with Chinese Institute of International Law at China Foreign Affairs University, and National Center for Foreign-related Rule of Law Research at China Foreign Affairs University
Contact: secretary@bigghgg.cn