24. Matthieu Schmidt, David Hajage, Guillaume Lebreton, Antoine Monsel, Guillaume Voiriot, David Levy, et al., Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study, 2020.08.13 , https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30328-3 . The estimated 60-day survival of ECMO-rescued patients with COVID-19 was similar to that of studies published in the past 2 years on ECMO for severe ARDS. If another COVID-19 outbreak occurs, ECMO should be considered for patients developing refractory respiratory failure despite optimised care.

23. Noa Biran, Andrew Ip, Jaeil Ahn, Ronaldo C Go, Shuqi Wang, Shivam Mathura, et al., Tocilizumab among patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit: a multicentre observational study, 2020.08.14, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2665-9913(20)30277-0 . In this observational study, patients with COVID-19 requiring ICU support who received tocilizumab had reduced mortality.

22. Cédric Cotter, From the ‘Spanish Flu’ to COVID-19: lessons from the 1918 pandemic and First World War, 2020.04.23 , https://blogs.icrc.org/law-and-policy/2020/04/23/spanish-flu-covid-19-1918-pandemic-first-world-war/ . There are hard-won lessons from the ‘Spanish Flu’, and similarities with the COVID-19 crisis, that merit reflection on how armed conflicts can influence the ways we talk about and struggle to mitigate the current pandemic.

21. Ching-Lin Hsieh, Jory A. Goldsmith, Jeffrey M. Schaub, Andrea M. DiVenere, Hung-Che Kuo, Structure-based design of prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spikes, 2020.07.23 , https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2020/07/22/science.abd0826 . this study identified HexaPro, whose A 3.2 Å-resolution cryo-EM structure confirmed that it retains the prefusion spike conformation. High-yield production of a stabilized prefusion spike protein will accelerate the development of vaccines and serological diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2.

20. Rachel Coghlan, Palliative care, COVID-19 and humanitarian action: it’s time to talk, 2020.07.02, https://blogs.icrc.org/law-and-policy/2020/07/02/palliative-care-covid-19/ . in this post, Rachel Coghlan outlines the key challenges of integrating palliative care into humanitarian action, explains why the COVID-19 pandemic should be a catalyst for change, and shares three big ideas on how to move forward.

19. Gian Luca Burci, The USA and the World Health Organization: What has President Trump actually decided and what are its consequences? 2020.06.05, https://www.ejiltalk.org/the-usa-and-the-world-health-organization-what-has-president-trump-actually-decided-and-what-are-its-consequences/ . this post demonstrates that withdrawal of the USA from WHO which remains the first line of defense against pandemics – would be extremely negative for the world and create a dangerous void in the heart of global health security.

18. Sorcha MacLeod, Private Security, Human Rights, and Covid-19, 2020.07.02, https://www.ejiltalk.org/private-security-human-rights-and-covid-19/ . this post discusses the human rights impacts of increasing and rapid outsourcing to the private security sector and problematic regulatory gaps.

17. Erin Pobjie, Covid-19 as a threat to international peace and security: The role of the UN Security Council in addressing the pandemic, 2020.07.27, https://www.ejiltalk.org/covid-19-as-a-threat-to-international-peace-and-security-the-role-of-the-un-security-council-in-addressing-the-pandemic/ . this post discusses the potential role of the Security Council in addressing global threats such as the Covid-19 pandemic and the legal nature of the measures called for in Resolution 2532. In particular, it addresses whether the Council’s “demand” is to be considered a legally binding obligation for States and non-State armed groups.

16. Henning Grosse Ruse-Khan, Access to Covid-19 Treatment and International Intellectual Property Protection – Part I: Patent protection, voluntary access and compulsory licensing, 2020.04.15, https://www.ejiltalk.org/access-to-covid19-treatment-and-international-intellectual-property-protection-part-i-patent-protection-voluntary-access-and-compulsory-licensing/ . this post considered obligations under international law to offer patent protection for existing and future Covid19 treatment, and how that is likely to affect widespread access to affordable treatment around the world.

15. Henning Grosse Ruse-Khan, Access to Covid-19 Treatment and International Intellectual Property Protection – Part II: National security exceptions and test data protection, 2020.04.15 , https://www.ejiltalk.org/access-to-covid19-treatment-and-international-intellectual-property-protection-part-ii-national-security-exceptions-and-test-data-protection/ . this post looks at alternative options to overcome those issues, in particular by relying on national security exceptions. It also discusses how another form of legal protection mandated under the WTO TRIPS agreement, namely in relation to the test data necessary to show the safety of a drug, can affect access to medicines.

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